The Parts of a Solar Water Heater

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The Parts of a Solar Water Heater

Solar water heaters consist of various basic parts, each of which has a specific role for the proper operation of the system. Understanding these parts helps both in selecting the right water heater and in its maintenance.

Basic Parts of a Solar Water Heater

  1. Solar Collectors
    The collectors are responsible for capturing solar radiation and converting it into heat.

    • Types of Collectors:
      • Flat Plate Collectors: They have a flat surface and are more durable.
      • Vacuum Tube Collectors: Consist of vacuum tubes and have higher efficiency in low temperatures.
    • Materials: Usually made of glass or aluminum with selective coating for optimal heat absorption.
  2. Tank (Boiler)
    The tank is the container where the hot water is stored.

    • Construction Materials: Usually made of stainless steel or galvanized steel for corrosion resistance.
    • Insulation: Includes thermal insulation material (e.g., polyurethane) to maintain the water temperature for a long time.
    • Capacity: Varies according to household needs, typically from 120 to 300 liters.
  3. Mounting Base
    The base supports the collector and the tank.

    • Materials: Steel or aluminum for weather resistance.
    • Design: Adjustable to ensure the correct angle towards the sun depending on the geographical latitude of the area.
  4. Circulation System
    Allows the flow of water from the collectors to the tank and vice versa.

    • Natural Circulation (Thermosiphonic): The circulation is due to temperature difference, without the need for pumps.
    • Forced Circulation: Pumps are used to circulate the water, usually in larger or more complex systems. This method may also be used when we want to “hide” the boiler for aesthetic reasons, with the corresponding
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